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the main concern with most of these chemicals is it's affect on the brood & wax contamination. several years ago the almond growers sprayed their orchards with a fungicide that was labeled safe for use around bees. the company had done limited testing on adult bees & not the affects on brood. the damage was widespread & severe. a lot of the contractors did not realize what was happening until they got the hives home & found they'd lost a significant number of hives. many of them had to refund deposits for nucs & lost the nuc sales revenue. these were strong hives so hopefully they'll be okay. the long term effects will remain to be seen. if problems arise to be safe I'll have to retire all of those frames which would be quite a loss as these were only 1-2 years old.