Jen, Good pictures! This is a great learning opportunity for us.
In the 6th picture I see a varroa on one of the semi emerged larvae.
Picture 8 looks like signs of American Foulbrood.
This not so great picture is from a presentation I attended this weekend.
Picture 7 has the appearance of Chalkbrood. Here is another picture I took.
Picture 7 also has lots of eggs and 1st and 2nd instar larvae. I am not sure if I am seeing multiple eggs or single eggs with jelly present. Maybe someone can see better than me. So, it doesn't look like queen failure.
Picture 9 looks like robbing took place at some point in the demise of this colony.
There could have been several different issues that had an affect on this colony.
Rober, answering swarm calls this late in the year means doing varroa treatments (OA dribble method) and feed, feed, feed. I don't know if I would combine the swarm bees with an existing treated colony.