what perry said about the deep frame, the only way you can feed this back to them is placing a deep hive body on top and placing deep frames in it above the inner cover, (not practical right now in cold weather) or as perry said switch an empty frame or two (whatever needed) out quickly, this is not easy..........and sometimes there are drawbacks to doing this. personally, what i do with these deep frames is to store them. i use them to place in hives that need them for various reasons (in good weather)....... or when i am starting a new nuc/hive. (fully capped frames of honey).
"I currently have the sugar cakes on top of the inner cover (shim attached to top of inner cover) surrounded by 2 inch insulation."
40 acre, this is how i do it, shim on top of the top deep. sugar cakes/bricks placed directly on top of the frames. inner cover. 2 inches of insulation on top of that, outer cover. i do so because no barrier.......like going up through the inner cover to the sugar. the inner cover is a barrier and imho, bees need to have the feed directly above them, no barrier.