jen~
"Riv- ""i think they just froze out jack. with the excluder on, it didn't allow them to move upwards to your super. not sure what the impact would be, with the heat of the cluster rising to the super, and the bees not being able to move upward?""
Explaination please-
Let's pretend there wasn't an excluder involved. If there is Plenty of food in the bottom box, why is it neccessarry for the bees to move up to the top box for the winter?"
lazy~
"Cold enough they couldnt move past the frames to go sideways. Going up is easy, going sideways means going around the frames."jen, good answer by lazybk. we need stores above the bees, not just in the bottom deep, bees will move up but not back down. sometimes the bees 'chimney up' through the hive to stores and to an extra super we have placed on the hive or some type of feed; fondant, candy board, sugar, winter patties, extra super. rather than move laterally to where stores are they will move up if the stores are there. sometimes outside frames in a second deep are not consumed. sometimes they will move to one side and get caught on empty frames and not move to the other side where there are frames of honey. sometimes they won't move one or two frames over in cold country, so they may starve and freeze with honey inches away, or as i said honey on the other side of the deep, or either side of the 2nd deep.
there is more warmth in the top created by the cluster of the bees......heat rises. also, bees will not leave a queen. so in jack's situation, he had an extra super on for the bees and queen to move up into, but the excluder was in place, the bees will not abandon the queen, so stayed where they were in the second deep clustered around her and may have exhausted the honey reserves in the center of his 2nd deep, but were unable to move laterally because of the weather. so they remain in the center of the box unable to move up or laterally, starve, then freeze.
hope this made sense and answered your question?