There are a couple ways to get good pickles. My favorite is a lactofermented pickle. Salt, water, cukes, dill, garlic, grape leaves (not sprayed with anything and fresh) and a couple hot peppers (if you like). Start getting sour in a few weeks. Shelf life is limited but this a a very traditional pickle, I'd have to dig up the salt:water ratio to start with. The grape leaves carry the right natural yeast spores to start the fermentation process.
Second is the refrigerator pickle. This is a pickle made with white vinegar plus garlic, salt, and dill plus whatever other spices you may want to try. Usually takes a few weeks in the fridge to get good and pickled. This is your "Claussen" pickle, taste great, never cooked, nice and crispy but takes up a ton of fridge space.
Canned pickle. Same as above but open bath can for 5-10 mins to get jars to seal and kill any nasties. Grape leaves help keep them crisp.
All pickles regardless of method should have the blossom end of the cuke cut off to limit softening fromt he enzymes on the blossom end, not sure I fully understand the process but does make a difference.
National Pickling cucumbers are really prolific and make nice, even fruits great for pickles. Pick them small for gherkins or go a little larger for a kosher dill or even slice lengthwise for spears. I just like picking and eating fresh too, they're rarely bitter.