This is from a newbie's point of view so take it for what it's worth...
If this was a "Five Minute Nuc" then the cell cups could have come from one donor colony, the frames of nectar from another, and the patch of brood from yet another. The queen...from "somewhere". It's hard to tell.
At this point I would contact the seller about your concerns, you certainly did not bargain to buy a bunch of nectar, don't be harsh with him/her but let him know what you ended up with. You will find out quickly if you want to do any future business with them.
If these are all of your bees (no other colony) and you don't have a friend with bees close by that will let you have some capped brood then you have no resources to draw from. I would leave the bees alone and let them sort this out...I don't think there is anything you can do that will help them at this point other than to give them some time to do what bees do...attempt to survive.
Leave the queen cups alone, you probably need them, though a queen could be lurking in there somewhere. You mentioned that they made a loud noise when you hived them...I take it that there is a good population of bees. If so, then there's a good chance that they will successfully make a new queen from one of those queen cups...if they need one.
I would give the bees several days to settle in and get established. If per chance you peek inside and see some queen cells formed, gently put the cover back on and back away from the hive...the best that could happen at that point if you go into the hive is that you don't mash the cells...and this may be the last chance for those bees to make a new queen and if they don't make (or already have) a queen the colony is doomed.
If you're not sure what to do...do nothing. The bees know what to do.
Definitely call the seller and let him know what you have and that you are willing to give the bees a chance *or* that you're not happy with the purchase and would like to do something else. The first option will let him know you are willing to work with him...the second option might be viewed as an "ultimatum" and somewhat alienate the seller. Of course, you might have gotten them from a great beekeeper that will instantly want to make it right. Call them.
Best wishes,
Ed