Jen, as you are well aware, all beekeeping is local. My location, with an average first frost date of NOV 15th, will allow some pretty late matings that will go through winter. For instance, last year, we had a queen mate in the first week of November, make it through the winter and half the summer when I gave her away.
Our friends further north wouldn't have drones to mate with queens or flying temperatures, even now. I loosed a virgin queen today that I expect to be a 'spare tire queen' for the winter in a mating NUC. Might work or might not.
Jen, the reason I asked about your first frost date is, that in my mind anyway, it serves as a data point near the end of the nectar season, when my efforts are focused on the coming dearth and winter. As I write this, tec's writing about poor performance from late queens is ringing in my ears.
If you are near a first frost, Iddee's advice rings true to me too.
JMO, I'm a beekeeper in progress and claim no special prowess in bee knowledge...Haven't made 'all' the mistakes yet.
